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| The A/D line is a cumulative measure of advancing stocks less declining stocks. It treats every issue equally and is a good representative of the broader market (the troops). The A/D volume line is a cumulative measure of the volume of advancing stocks less the volume of declining stocks. The largest stocks usually have the most volume, and this is a good indicator of large-cap performance (the generals). | 
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| FIGURE 1: A/D LINE. The A/D line is a cumulative measure of advancing stocks less declining stocks. | 
| Graphic provided by: MetaStock. | 
| Graphic provided by: Reuters Data. | 
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| The A/D volume line followed the NASDAQ to a new reaction high in early August, but the A/D line failed to confirm. The A/D line moved above its 50-day exponential moving average (EMA), but never came close to its prior high (December 31, 2004). This amounts to a large negative divergence and indicates that fewer stocks participated in the April-July advance. The A/D line moved below its 50-day simple moving average (SMA), and this breadth indicator shows weakness throughout the NASDAQ. | 
| The NASDAQ is a market capitalization-weighted index, and large-cap stocks are usually the driving force. As such, it is also a good idea to look at the A/D volume line. This indicator moved to a new reaction high in early August, which corresponds with the NASDAQ. As long as the indicator holds its 50-day SMA, the NASDAQ may avert a trend reversal. However, the A/D line is already weak, and weakness in the A/D volume line would be quite bearish for the NASDAQ. The troops (A/D line) are already nervous, and a retreat by the generals (A/D volume line) would bode most ill. | 
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